Actos Bladder Cancer
When you met with your doctor to discuss your diagnosis, he or she probably described your cancer stage with a combination of letters and numerals, which you may not have understood.
Staging is a way to determine how deeply your cancer has penetrated into the bladder and muscle, surrounding tissue, or distant organs. The pathologist stages the tissues from your biopsy, and your doctor uses that information along with your scan, cystoscopy, and X-ray results to determine where you are in the disease process and what treatment is best for you.
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If the results of your tests-—-either scans or biopsies-—- show that cancer has spread to other tissue or organs, your doctor will want to confirm that. Clarification of the stage of your cancer comes through looking at the cancer cells from those organs under the microscope. Tissue samples may be taken at the time of your biopsy, or sometimes a needle biopsy is done, bypassing the need for additional surgery.
Pathologists stage bladder-cancer tissue by using a standardized system known as TNM, which stands for tumor- nodes-metastases. A typical TNM might be “T2aNlM0” (T-two-a-N-one-M-zero). Looks like mumbo jumbo, doesn’t it? Try thinking of it as medical shorthand, with each letter and numeral having a defined value that gives doctors and pathologists a specific, consistent way to describe how deeply a cancer has invaded the body’s tissue and organs.
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The TNM system uses the letters T, N, and M followed by numerals to describe the stage of invasiveness of your cancer.
The letter T followed by a numeral from one to four (1 to 4) describes the depth of invasiveness of your tumor. The lower the number, the less invasive the cancer.
The T scale has additional, more detailed levels as well. These levels add the lowercase letters a and b to the T score to delineate more precisely how far into the bladder your cancer has spread and whether it has moved into other areas of your body. It fine-tunes the pathology information to help your doctor make treatment recommendations.
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